Ken Liu
185 works in English-language magazines
| Date | Page | Type | Title | Magazine | Author(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 2004 | Short Fiction | The Algorithms for Love | Pseudopod, #647 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2007 | 5 | Short Fiction | Beneath the Language | On the Premises, July 2007 | Ken Liu |
| September 2010 | 183 | Short Fiction | The Literomancer | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, September-October 2010 | Ken Liu |
| January 2011 | Short Fiction | Tying Knots | Clarkesworld Magazine Podcast, MId-January 2011 | Ken Liu | |
| February 2011 | |6.5 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, February 2011) | Lightspeed, February 2011 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| February 2011 | |2 | Short Fiction | Simulacrum | Lightspeed Podcast, February 2011 | Ken Liu |
| February 2011 | Short Fiction | To the Stars | Nature, February 3, 2011 | Ken Liu & Shelly Li | |
| March 2011 | 2 | Short Fiction | Gossamer | Semaphore Magazine, March 2011 | Ken Liu |
| March 2011 | |6 | Short Fiction | State Change | Lightspeed, August 2014 | Ken Liu |
| March 2011 | 64 | Short Fiction | The Paper Menagerie | Escape Pod, EP345 | Ken Liu |
| March 2011 | 6 | Short Fiction | The Visit | On the Premises, March 2011 | Ken Liu |
| April 2011 | Short Fiction | Ad Block | Kasma Magazine, Version 2.25 | Ken Liu | |
| May 2011 | 215 | Short Fiction | Altogether Elsewhere, Vast Herds of Reindeer | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, May-June 2011 | Ken Liu |
| July 2011 | Poem | The Mesozoic Tour Guide | Strange Horizons, 11 July 2011 | Ken Liu | |
| August 2011 | 10 | Short Fiction | The Box That Eats Memories | Daily Science Fiction, August 2011 | Ken Liu |
| September 2011 | 154 | Short Fiction | Golden Years in the Paleozoic | Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine, Issue #52 | Ken Liu |
| September 2011 | 26 | Short Fiction | The Last Seed | Daily Science Fiction, September 2011 | Ken Liu |
| October 2011 | Short Fiction | Life Plus Seventy | Kasma Magazine, Version 2.75 | Ken Liu | |
| October 2011 | Short Fiction | Staying Behind | Clarkesworld Magazine Podcast, October 2011 | Ken Liu | |
| November 2011 | 21 | Short Fiction | Safe Empathy | Daily Science Fiction, November 2011 | Ken Liu |
| December 2011 | Short Fiction | Necrocracy | Penumbra, December 2011 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2011 | 58 | Short Fiction | The Countable | Asimov's Science Fiction, December 2011 | Ken Liu |
| 2012 | Short Fiction | Cutting | Electric Velocipede, Summer 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2012 | |19 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, January 2012) | Lightspeed, January 2012 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| January 2012 | 79 | Short Fiction | Maxwell's Demon | PodCastle, #290 | Ken Liu |
| January 2012 | |11 | Short Fiction | The Five Elements of the Heart Mind | Lightspeed Podcast, January 2012 | Ken Liu |
| February 2012 | |10 | Short Fiction | All the Flavors | Giganotosaurus, February 1, 2012 | Ken Liu |
| February 2012 | 46 | Short Fiction | The People of Pele | Asimov's Science Fiction, February 2012 | Ken Liu |
| March 2012 | 19 | Short Fiction | Memories of My Mother | Daily Science Fiction, March 2012 | Ken Liu |
| March 2012 | |2 | Short Fiction | To the Moon | Fireside, Spring 2012 | Ken Liu |
| April 2012 | Short Fiction | Monkeys | Nature, April 19, 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| May 2012 | 9 | Short Fiction | The Tome of Tourmaline | Daily Science Fiction, May 2012 | Ken Liu |
| June 2012 | Short Fiction | Celestial Bodies | Nature, June 28, 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2012 | 177 | Short Fiction | Real Faces | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, July-August 2012 | Ken Liu |
| July 2012 | 5 | Poem | Sonnet 20: From Nikola Tesla's Clockwork Assistant to Thomas Edison's Automaton | Mythic Delirium, Summer/Fall 2012 | Ken Liu |
| July 2012 | Short Fiction | The Caretaker | Escape Pod, EP354 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2012 | Short Fiction | The Silk Merchant | Apex Magazine, July 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| August 2012 | |17 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu | Lightspeed, August 2012 | Andrew Liptak & Ken Liu |
| August 2012 | |1 | Short Fiction | The Bookmaking Habits of Select Species | Lightspeed Podcast, August 2012 | Ken Liu |
| September 2012 | 178 | Short Fiction | Arc | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, September-October 2012 | Ken Liu |
| September 2012 | 4 | Short Fiction | Summer Reading | Daily Science Fiction, September 2012 | Ken Liu |
| September 2012 | 14 | Short Fiction | The Message | Interzone, September-October 2012 | Ken Liu |
| October 2012 | Short Fiction | Drilling | Kasma Magazine, October 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| November 2012 | Short Fiction | Always Here | Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show, #31, November 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| November 2012 | Short Fiction | Good Hunting | Escape Pod, EP394 | Ken Liu | |
| November 2012 | Interview | InterGalactic Interview with Ken Liu | Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show, #31, November 2012 | Jamie Todd Rubin & Ken Liu | |
| November 2012 | Short Fiction | The Postman | Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show, #31, November 2012 | Ken Liu | |
| November 2012 | 1 | Short Fiction | The Tides | Daily Science Fiction, November 2012 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | 33 | Essay | About the Story (Single – Bit Error) | International Speculative Fiction, #2 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | |17 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu | Lightspeed, December 2012 | Caleb Jordan Schulz & Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | 21 | Short Fiction | Single-Bit Error | Fantasy Scroll Mag, March 2014 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | 16 | Short Fiction | The Messenger's Tale | Aoife's Kiss, December 2012 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | 66 | Short Fiction | The Perfect Book | Abyss & Apex, 4th Quarter 2023 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | |1 | Short Fiction | The Perfect Match | Lightspeed Podcast, December 2012 | Ken Liu |
| December 2012 | 38 | Short Fiction | The Waves | Asimov's Science Fiction, December 2012 | Ken Liu |
| January 2013 | 66 | Short Fiction | A Brief History of the Trans-Pacific Tunnel | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, January-February 2013 | Ken Liu |
| January 2013 | Short Fiction | Real Artists | Escape Pod, #686 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2013 | 18 | Short Fiction | The mMod | Daily Science Fiction, January 2013 | Ken Liu |
| February 2013 | Review | The Perfect Match | StarShipSofa, No 275 | Adam Pracht & Ken Liu | |
| March 2013 | 12 | Short Fiction | Linger | Daily Science Fiction, March 2013 | Ken Liu |
| March 2013 | Interview | Not Just Vast Armies Clashing on Dark Plains at Night: An Interview with Ken Liu | Strange Horizons, 25 March 2013 | Luc Reid & Ken Liu | |
| April 2013 | Short Fiction | Build-a-Dolly | Apex Magazine, April 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| April 2013 | Essay | Gathered in Translation | Clarkesworld Magazine, April 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| April 2013 | 55 | Interview | Spotlight On: Ken Liu, Author | Locus, #627 April 2013 | Ken Liu |
| April 2013 | 144 | Short Fiction | The Oracle | Asimov's Science Fiction, April-May 2013 | Ken Liu |
| May 2013 | 33 | Short Fiction | Algorithms for Love | International Speculative Fiction, #4 | Ken Liu |
| May 2013 | 8 | Short Fiction | Effect and Cause | Galaxy's Edge, Issue 2, May 2013 | Ken Liu |
| May 2013 | Short Fiction | Sungrazers | Kasma Magazine, May 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| May 2013 | Short Fiction | The Plague | Nature, May 16, 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| June 2013 | |19 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, June 2013) | Lightspeed, June 2013 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| June 2013 | 12 | Short Fiction | City of Chrysanthemum | Daily Science Fiction, June 2013 | Ken Liu |
| June 2013 | Review | Good Hunting | StarShipSofa, No 293 | Jimmy Rogers & Ken Liu | |
| June 2013 | |9 | Short Fiction | Mono no Aware | Escape Pod, EP407 | Ken Liu |
| June 2013 | Short Fiction | Prosopagnosia | The Drabblecast, #286 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2013 | Short Fiction | Echoes in the Dark | Mythic Delirium, Issue 0.1, July–September 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| August 2013 | |23 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, August 2013) | Lightspeed, August 2013 | Kevin McNeil & Ken Liu |
| August 2013 | 13 | Short Fiction | Nova Verba, Mundus Novus | Daily Science Fiction, August 2013 | Ken Liu |
| August 2013 | Short Fiction | The Call of the Pancake Factory | The Drabblecast, #293 | Ken Liu | |
| August 2013 | |14 | Short Fiction | The Litigation Master and the Monkey King | Lightspeed Podcast, August 2013 | Ken Liu |
| August 2013 | Short Fiction | The Litigatrix | Giganotosaurus, August 1, 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| September 2013 | Interview | Organic Synthesis: A Conversation with Ken Liu | Clarkesworld Magazine, September 2013 | Jeremy L. C. Jones & Ken Liu | |
| September 2013 | Review | The Call of the Pancake Factory | StarShipSofa, No 305 | Jimmy Rogers & Ken Liu | |
| September 2013 | |1 | Short Fiction | The Journal | Fireside Magazine, September 2013 | Ken Liu |
| September 2013 | 10 | Interview | The Writers Room: Ken Liu | Waylines, September 2013 | Alisa Alering & Ken Liu |
| October 2013 | |22 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, October 2013) | Lightspeed, October 2013 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| October 2013 | |13 | Short Fiction | Ghost Days | Lightspeed Podcast, October 2013 | Ken Liu |
| November 2013 | Review | Ghost Days | StarShipSofa, No 314 | Jimmy Rogers & Ken Liu | |
| November 2013 | Short Fiction | Here-and-Now | Kasma Magazine, November 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2013 | Short Fiction | Before and After | Apex Magazine, December 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2013 | Short Fiction | You'll Always Have the Burden with You | Perihelion, December 12, 2013 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2014 | Short Fiction | Reborn | Tor.com, January 29, 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2014 | Short Fiction | Second Chance | Nature, January 16, 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2014 | Short Fiction | The Clockwork Soldier | Clarkesworld Magazine Podcast, January 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| February 2014 | |26 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, February 2014) | Lightspeed, February 2014 | Kevin McNeil & Ken Liu |
| February 2014 | |4 | Short Fiction | None Owns the Air | Lightspeed Podcast, February 2014 | Ken Liu |
| February 2014 | Short Fiction | The Shadowcrafter | PodCastle, #298 | Ken Liu | |
| February 2014 | 19 | Short Fiction | What Is Expected of a Wedding Host | Daily Science Fiction, February 2014 | Ken Liu |
| March 2014 | Interview | Interview with Author Ken Liu | Fantasy Scroll Mag, March 2014 | Iulian Ionescu & Ken Liu | |
| March 2014 | 13 | Short Fiction | The Plantimal | Asimov's Science Fiction, March 2014 | Mike Resnick & Ken Liu |
| April 2014 | Short Fiction | Event Cloak | Cosmos: The Science of Everything, April-May 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2014 | 67 | Short Fiction | Hark! Listen to the Animals | Galaxy's Edge, Issue 9: July 2014 | Lisa Tang Liu & Ken Liu |
| July 2014 | Short Fiction | Love Thy Neighbors | Kasma Magazine, July 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2014 | Short Fiction | The MSG Golem | PodCastle, #318 | Ken Liu | |
| August 2014 | |21 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, August 2014) | Lightspeed, August 2014 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| September 2014 | |4 | Short Fiction | Running Shoes | SQ Mag, Edition 16 | Ken Liu |
| November 2014 | |4 | Short Fiction | Presence | Uncanny Magazine, November-December 2014 | Ken Liu |
| November 2014 | Short Fiction | The Long Haul: From the ANNALS OF TRANSPORTATION, The Pacific Monthly, May 2009 | Clarkesworld Magazine Podcast, November 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2014 | Essay | Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction | Clarkesworld Magazine, December 2014 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2014 | 68 | Short Fiction | Saboteur | Analog Science Fiction and Fact, December 2014 | Ken Liu |
| December 2014 | Short Fiction | Seventh Day of the Seventh Moon | GlitterShip, Episode #15 | Ken Liu | |
| January 2015 | Interview | Exploring the Frontier: A Conversation with Xia Jia | Clarkesworld Magazine, January 2015 | Ken Liu & Xia Jia | |
| January 2015 | |16 | Interview | Interview: Hao Jingfang | Uncanny Magazine, January-February 2015 | Ken Liu & Deborah Stanish |
| February 2015 | |3 | Interview | A Few Words with Ken Liu | Forever, Issue 1 | uncredited & Ken Liu |
| February 2015 | |2 | Short Fiction | The Regular | Forever, Issue 1 | Ken Liu |
| February 2015 | Interview | The Spurred Storyteller: A Conversation with Tang Fei | Clarkesworld Magazine, February 2015 | Ken Liu & Tang Fei | |
| March 2015 | Short Fiction | Cassandra | Clarkesworld Magazine Podcast, March 2015 | Ken Liu | |
| March 2015 | Interview | Staying Sensitive in the Crowd: A Conversation with Chen Qiufan | Clarkesworld Magazine, March 2015 | Ken Liu & Chen Qiufan | |
| April 2015 | |260 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, April 2015) | Lightspeed, April 2015 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| April 2015 | |120 | Short Fiction | Grace of Kings (excerpt) | Lightspeed, April 2015 | Ken Liu |
| April 2015 | |16 | Interview | The Grace of Ken Liu: An Interview | SuperSonic, no. 1, April 2015 | Elías Combarro & Ken Liu |
| April 2015 | 14 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Locus, #651 April 2015 | Gary K. Wolfe & Ken Liu |
| April 2015 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Fantasy Scroll Magazine, April 2015 | Julie Novakova & Ken Liu | |
| April 2015 | |80 | Short Fiction | The Ussuri Bear | Lightspeed, April 2015 | Ken Liu |
| May 2015 | Essay | Another Word: It's Good to Be Lazy and Foolish | Clarkesworld Magazine, May 2015 | Ken Liu | |
| May 2015 | 58 | Interview | Ken Liu: Silkpunk | Locus, #652 May 2015 | Ken Liu |
| May 2015 | |5 | Review | The Grace of Kings | SQ Mag, Edition 20: Dark Legends of a New Age | Damien Smith & Ken Liu |
| May 2015 | Short Fiction | The Grace of Kings (excerpt) | Apex Magazine, May 2015 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2015 | 69 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Galaxy's Edge, Issue 15, July 2015 | Bill Fawcett & Jody Lynn Nye & Ken Liu |
| August 2015 | |170 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Lightspeed, August 2015 | Sunil Patel & Ken Liu |
| September 2015 | |13 | Interview | Interview: Ken Liu | Lightspeed, September 2015 | The Geek's Guide to the Galaxy & Ken Liu |
| October 2015 | 15 | Short Fiction | Crystal | Daily Science Fiction, October 2015 | Ken Liu |
| January 2016 | 157 | Essay | Another Word: Let's Write a Story Together, MacBook | Clarkesworld, January 2016 | Ken Liu |
| January 2016 | 105 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Asimov's Science Fiction, January 2016 | Paul Di Filippo & Ken Liu |
| March 2016 | |3 | Interview | Ken Liu Interview | Mithila Review, March 2016 | Salik Shah & Ken Liu |
| April 2016 | 14 | Review | The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories | Locus, #663 April 2016 | Gary K. Wolfe & Ken Liu |
| May 2016 | 74 | Review | The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories | Interzone, May-June 2016 | Jack Deighton & Ken Liu |
| June 2016 | |63 | Essay | You Don't Have to Write Autobiography | Lightspeed, June 2016 | Ken Liu |
| July 2016 | |7 | Interview | Ken Liu: "History is both the most human of sciences and the most scientific of stories" | Mithila Review, July 2016 | Salik Shah & Ken Liu |
| August 2016 | |6 | Review | The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories | Strange Horizons, 22 August 2016 | K. Kamo & Ken Liu |
| December 2016 | 142 | Essay | Another Word: The Joy of Helping | Clarkesworld, December 2016 | Ken Liu |
| January 2017 | |6 | Review | Invisible Planets | Strange Horizons, 23 January 2017 | Stephanie Chan & Ken Liu |
| January 2017 | 198 | Review | Invisible Planets: Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction in Translation | Analog Science Fiction and Fact, January-February 2017 | Don Sakers & Ken Liu |
| January 2017 | 74 | Review | Invisible Planets: Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction in Translation | Interzone, January-February 2017 | Ken Liu & Jack Deighton |
| January 2017 | |20 | Review | Invisible Planets: Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction in Translation | Mithila Review, January 2017 | Isha Karki & Ken Liu |
| February 2017 | 14 | Review | The Wall of Storms | Locus, #673 February 2017 | Gary K. Wolfe & Ken Liu |
| February 2017 | |4 | Review | The Wall of Storms | SQ Mag, Edition 30 | Damien Smith & Ken Liu |
| September 2017 | |4 | Review | The Wall of Storms | Strange Horizons, 4 September 2017 | Supriya Nair & Ken Liu |
| December 2017 | Short Fiction | The Man Who Ended History: A Documentary | Forever, December 2017 | Ken Liu | |
| 2018 | |6 | Short Fiction | The Ten Suns | Deep Magic, Spring 2018 | Ken Liu |
| March 2018 | |18 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu (Lightspeed, March 2018) | Lightspeed, March 2018 | Christie Yant & Ken Liu |
| March 2018 | |2 | Short Fiction | Cosmic Spring | Lightspeed Podcast, March 2018 | Ken Liu |
| April 2018 | |9 | Short Fiction | The Snow Train | Lightspeed, April 2018 | Ken Liu |
| May 2018 | |3 | Short Fiction | An Advanced Readers' Picture Book of Comparative Cognition | Escape Pod, #629 | Ken Liu |
| May 2018 | Short Fiction | An Open Letter to the Sentient AI Who Has Announced Its Intention to Take Over the Earth | Toasted Cake, #186 | Ken Liu | |
| September 2018 | 282 | Interview | Author Spotlight: Ken Liu | Lightspeed, September 2018 | unknown & Ken Liu |
| September 2018 | 61 | Short Fiction | The Explainer | Lightspeed, September 2018 | Ken Liu |
| November 2018 | Short Fiction | Ticket | Toasted Cake, #200 | Ken Liu | |
| December 2018 | 64 | Short Fiction | The Trustless | Wired, January 2019 | Ken Liu |
| January 2019 | 69 | Short Fiction | Thoughts and Prayers | Forever, April 2022 | Ken Liu |
| April 2019 | 4|4.1 | Review | The Grace of Kings | The New York Times Book Review, April 7, 2019 | Dana Jennings & Ken Liu |
| September 2019 | 216 | Short Fiction | BookSavr | The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, September/October 2019 | Ken Liu |
| November 2019 | |9 | Short Fiction | The Hidden Girl | Lightspeed, November 2019 | Ken Liu |
| December 2019 | |11.2 | Review | The Hidden Girl and Other Stories | Lightspeed, December 2019 | Arley Sorg & Ken Liu |
| February 2020 | 128 | Interview | Faith in Vision | Clarkesworld, February 2020 | Arley Sorg & Ken Liu |
| March 2020 | |3 | Short Fiction | Dispatches from the Cradle: The Hermit - Forty-Eight Hours in the Sea of Massachusetts | Forever, March 2020 | Ken Liu |
| March 2020 | |3 | Short Fiction | Quality Time | Future Science Fiction Digest, March 2020 | Ken Liu |
| May 2020 | 201 | Review | Invisible Planets | Asimov's Science Fiction, May-June 2020 | Norman Spinrad & Ken Liu |
| June 2020 | |9 | Short Fiction | What I Assume You Shall Assume | Lightspeed, June 2020 | Ken Liu |
| September 2020 | 200 | Review | The Grace of Kings | Asimov's Science Fiction, September-October 2020 | Peter Heck & Ken Liu |
| October 2020 | |5 | Short Fiction | Byzantine Empathy | Forever, May 2023 | Ken Liu |
| November 2020 | |4 | Short Fiction | 50 Things Every AI Working with Humans Should Know | Uncanny Magazine, November-December 2020 | Ken Liu |
| November 2020 | |20 | Interview | Interview: Ken Liu (Uncanny Magazine, November-December 2020) | Uncanny Magazine, November-December 2020 | Caroline M. Yoachim & Ken Liu |
| October 2021 | 122 | Short Fiction | Seven Birthdays | Forever, October 2021 | Ken Liu |
| September 2022 | |6 | Short Fiction | Timekeepers' Symphony | Clarkesworld, September 2022 | Ken Liu |
| January 2023 | |4 | Short Fiction | Collaboration? | Uncanny Magazine, January-February 2023 | Ken Liu & Caroline M. Yoachim |
| January 2023 | |31 | Interview | Interview: Ken Liu & Caroline M. Yoachim | Uncanny Magazine, January-February 2023 | Tina Connolly & Ken Liu & Caroline M. Yoachim |
| September 2023 | Short Fiction | The Passing of the Dragon | Tor.com, September 13, 2023 | Ken Liu | |
| March 2024 | Short Fiction | Jaunt | Forever, March 2024 | Ken Liu | |
| July 2024 | Short Fiction | The Gods Have Not Died in Vain | Forever, July 2024 | Ken Liu | |
| September 2025 | Short Fiction | If a Digitized Tree Falls | Reactor, September 10, 2025 | Caroline M. Yoachim & Ken Liu | |
| October 2025 | |10 | Review | All That We See or Seem | Lightspeed, October 2025 | Melissa A. Watkins & Ken Liu |
| October 2025 | Short Fiction | Idols | Forever, October 2025 | Ken Liu | |
| October 2025 | |10 | Interview | Technology As a Language: A Conversation with Ken Liu | Clarkesworld, October 2025 | Arley Sorg & Ken Liu |
| November 2025 | 98 | Review | All That We See or Seem | SFX, November 2025 | Richard Edwards & Ken Liu |
| January 2026 | |5 | Short Fiction | Love's Mirror | Grimdark Magazine, January 2026 | Ken Liu |